Abstract: A social work model is used for intervention of individuals based on how well the interventions match the client’s problem and the extent to which research has found the models and interventions to be effective. This lesson emphasizes the major practice theories and interventions social workers use, based on an eclectic approach for each individual client.
Opening thought: The mainstream approach in social work is the psychosocial model, which incorporates elements of many different practice theories that will be described in this report; this includes Ego Psychology, System theory, Roll Theory, and Existential Psychology. Depending on the client and based on research one or multiple theories can be used for intervention of a client. Key facts from this podcast can be used to describe the major points of this podcast in detail.
Factual paragraph #1: The psychosocial model is not a theory of psychotherapy; it is actually a set of principles that guide intervention. Social workers use this model and whatever techniques that best match the client’s problems and preferences. The psychosocial model for emphasis on psychological and social causes of dysfunction. There are three elements that are thought to underlie the client’s improvement in their treatment. First is the development of insight and conflict resolution in an individual. The second element is the changes in the effective cognitive and behavioral patterns of the individuals. This leads to changes in his relationships and changes in his environment. Last is the changes made to his environment.
Factual paragraph #2: There are several key principles of psychosocial casework. These principles are used to analyze and treat a client. The first principle is that individuals are influenced by their environment and are capable of controlling their lives by adapting to or changing their environment. Second, is a social workers’ primary focus being on the person in situations systems. This refers to the individual in interaction with his environment. Thirdly is when a worker adopts an organismic perspective. This perspective suggests that changes in one part of the situations system as its called brings about change in other parts of the system. The last principle emphasizes that a therapeutic relationship is a key component of relationships. This means that a social worker uses a person-centered approach that empathizes the client’s view of his problems and supports his self-determination. She also demonstrates unconditional respect for and acceptance of the client. And she is dedicated to understanding his problem with scientific objectivity. This means it’s without personal bias.
Factual paragraph #3: The podcast describes some of the psychodynamic therapies. These therapies view maladaptive behavior as a symptom of underlying pathology that came from some historical event. So the goals of psychodynamic therapy include eliminating a maladaptive behavior and identifying and resolving its underlying cause. Sigmund Freud felt that a maladaptive behavior came from an unresolved conflict in childhood. He came up with an analysis of the conscious called the id, ego, and the super-ego. The id comprises the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains the basic drives. The id acts according to the "pleasure principle", seeking to avoid pain or unpressured aroused by increases in instinctual tension. The ego acts according to the reality principle; i.e. it seeks to please the id’s drive in realistic ways that will benefit in the long term rather than bringing grief. At the same time, Freud concedes that as the ego "attempts to mediate between id and reality the ego comprises that organized part of the personality structure that includes defensive, perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive functions. Conscious awareness resides in the ego, although not all of the operations of the ego are conscious. By the age of five, or the end of the phallic stage of development, the Superego develops. The Superego is the moral part of us and develops due to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us by our caregivers. Many equate the superego with the conscience as it dictates our belief of right and wrong. The super-ego works in contradiction to the id. The super-ego strives to act in a socially appropriate manner, whereas the id just wants instant self-gratification. The super-ego controls our sense of right and wrong and guilt. It helps us fit into society by getting us to act in socially acceptable ways. The super-ego's demands oppose the id’s, so the ego has a hard time in reconciling the two.
Factual paragraph #4: The next therapy the podcast describes is the systems therapy. This is the basis of family therapy. The goal of systems therapy is to avoid or stop a closed system. Open system is not resistant to outside change. Closed system is the resistance of change. The founder of it is Ludwig von Bertalanffy. This therapy asserts that one should look beyond the presenting problems in order to assess the complexities and interrelationships of problems. A social worker treats a client who is currently addicted to drugs. This particular client begs complete strangers for money and asks her 5-yr old daughter to do the same. The social worker must realize that when the client begs for money, it is only one part of an entire system that is at work. The reason why she does this is complex and related to a few other things. It is up to the social worker to draw the connections and make the client privy to them as well.
Factual paragraph #5: Case assessment of suicide risk include for indirect and direct techniques. Factors that have been consistently linked to a high risk of suicide include a past suicide attempt, a family history of suicide, feelings of hopelessness. isolation, and behaviors suggesting a decision to die. There are indicators for an imminent attempt of suicide. These include plans for committing suicide and means to do it. You must determine the validity of his plan. Keeping a client from harming himself vary depending on the level of risks. If there is a low risk a worker can develop a no suicide contract and a support system. If the risk is higher a worker can ask significant others to monitor the client or encourage the client to enter the hospital voluntarily. If the risk is high and the client is unwilling to cooperate a worker should react more aggressively by arranging an involuntary hold.
Factual paragraph #6: Gestalt therapy is an existential/experiential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility, and that focuses upon the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist-client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation. Edwin Nevis described Gestalt therapy as "a conceptual and methodological base from which helping professionals can craft their practice". In the same volume Joel Latner stated that Gestalt therapy is built upon two central ideas: that the most helpful focus of psychotherapy is the experiential present moment, and that everyone is caught in webs of relationships; thus, it is only possible to know ourselves against the background of our relationship to the other. The historical development of Gestalt therapy (described below) discloses the influences that generated these two ideas. Expanded, they support the four chief theoretical constructs (explained in the theory and practice section) that comprise Gestalt theory, and that guide the practice and application of Gestalt therapy.
What is most interesting about this podcast? The most interesting part about this podcast is the intricate details of the different theories and practices in social work that are used to help treat the clients. The intervention of the clients with malbehavior using psychosocial model seems to be an effective tool to help people.
What can you share with other students about this podcast? What can be shared with other students are the key principles about how to effectively analyze and categories different psychological and social issues based on the different theories and interventions given in the podcast.
Concluding Sentence: In conclusion there are multiple way of treatment for individuals with dysfunctions. Each individual has different needs and each situation will be different. A social workers love and willingness to critically and selflessly help and individual determine when it comes down to it proper care of a client.
References:
Practice Theories & Therapeutic Intervention. Association of Social Work Boards, Audio.
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